Columbus Day, a federal holiday in the United States, is observed on the second Monday of October each year. This year, it falls on Monday, October 14, 2024, and is a day marked by both celebration and controversy. As the recognition of Indigenous Peoples Day continues to grow, many states and institutions have shifted focus away from honoring Christopher Columbus, the explorer whose arrival in the Americas is both celebrated and criticized. Here’s what to expect on the holiday this year, as well as a look into why Columbus Day has become such a contentious topic.

What’s Open and Closed on Columbus Day 2024?

While Columbus Day is a federal holiday, the observance is inconsistent across the country. Here’s a quick rundown of what will be open and closed:

• Federal Offices: All federal offices and agencies will be closed, and federal employees will have the day off.
• Banks: Most major banks, including Bank of America and Wells Fargo, will be closed. However, Chase and TD Bank will remain open, reflecting the mixed observance of the day.
• Mail Delivery: There will be no regular U.S. Postal Service mail delivery, and post office branches will be closed. However, Priority Mail Express may still be delivered in some areas for an additional fee.
• Stock Markets: Both the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq will be open, as the stock market does not observe Columbus Day.
• Retail Stores: Big-name retailers like Walmart, Target, Costco, and Chick-fil-A will be open, though operating hours may vary by location.

The Origins and Legacy of Columbus Day

Columbus Day commemorates Christopher Columbus’ landing in the Americas on October 12, 1492, a historical moment that has long been taught as the “discovery” of the New World. For centuries, Columbus was celebrated as a symbol of exploration, perseverance, and the spirit of adventure that defined early American identity. His voyages were also central to the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

However, in recent decades, the holiday has come under scrutiny due to Columbus’ controversial legacy. Many historians and advocates of Indigenous Peoples have highlighted the violence, enslavement, and disease that followed Columbus’ arrival, which devastated the native populations. Columbus’ interactions with indigenous people, including the enslavement of the Taino in the Caribbean, have led to a critical reassessment of his role in history.

Why Indigenous Peoples Day?

In response to this historical reevaluation, many states and cities have begun to observe Indigenous Peoples Day instead of or alongside Columbus Day. This movement aims to honor the Native American communities who were already living in the Americas long before Columbus arrived. It also seeks to bring attention to the profound cultural losses and genocide experienced by these populations after European colonization.

In 1971, Columbus Day became an officially recognized federal holiday, but in recent years, Indigenous Peoples Day has gained increasing recognition, especially in progressive states and cities across the U.S. The day is meant to celebrate Native American culture, history, and contributions.

Columbus Day vs. Indigenous Peoples Day: A Divisive Issue

The shift from Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples Day is not without controversy. The debate often reflects broader political and racial divides in the U.S. For some, particularly Italian Americans, Columbus Day remains a celebration of their heritage, as Columbus himself was Italian. In fact, the original push to establish Columbus Day as a national holiday in the late 19th century was partly driven by efforts to combat anti-Italian sentiment in the U.S.

On the other hand, many advocates of Indigenous Peoples Day argue that celebrating Columbus erases the atrocities committed against Native Americans during colonization and perpetuates a Eurocentric view of history. This debate is likely to continue, as cities, states, and individuals decide how best to recognize the day.

Conclusion

Columbus Day remains a federal holiday, but its observance varies widely across the U.S. Whether you’re heading to work, the store, or simply reflecting on the complex legacy of Columbus and his impact on history, October 14, 2024, will be a day marked by both tradition and transformation.